Light diffraction gif12/27/2023 ![]() ![]() Although the same idea of lateral resolution enhancement by structured illumination can be applied for the axial case, the same excitation pattern would not work (Fig. 3a, b): its variable axial depth is about 1/3 of its lateral diameter at most and approaches 0 near the origin. This is reflected in reciprocal space by the shape of the observable region in 3D (Fig. The axial resolution in 3D wide-field microscopy is much lower than the lateral resolution, especially for low-resolution features. 2d, they are then “stitched” back together according to their original positions in frequency space, forming a final reconstructed image with extended resolution (Fig. With all the components available from all pattern orientations, represented by the seven circles in Fig. To obtain nearly isotropic resolution, the pattern needs to be rotated to two other angles equally spaced by 60°, and additional data needs to be acquired for all pattern orientations. As a result, lateral resolution enhancement happens only along the line perpendicular to the excitation pattern stripes (Fig. Each image is taken with a different phase of the same excitation pattern. The only way to do so is by acquiring enough images (three in this case) to be able to solve a set of linear equations. However, the extra information is mixed together additively with the normal resolution information and therefore needs to be separated. 2c) in particular, information normally outside of the circle can be shifted into the circle and become effectively observable as moiré fringes (Fig. The product of this pattern and the dye distribution amounts to the translation of sample information in reciprocal space along the arrows drawn from the origin to those points (Fig. A sinusoidal laterally structured excitation pattern corresponds to three frequency points (Fig. All high-resolution sample information outside of the circle is lost through imaging only the region inside the circle is observable to the microscope. The lateral resolution limit of a microscope can be conveniently represented by a circle whose radius is proportional to the numerical aperture and the inverse of the wavelength (Fig. ![]() In reciprocal space, low- and high-resolution information occupies locations close to and far away from the origin, respectively. In optics, reciprocal space (also known as spatial-frequency space or Fourier space) is often a more informative representation of the physical reality, especially when spatial resolution is concerned. ![]()
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